Being suspected or charged in a criminal case is a heavy experience, and even more so in a foreign country. Knowing your rights is essential, because they are among the foundations of the rule of law. These are the main rights of a suspect in Iceland.
The right to remain silent
A suspect has the right to remain silent and does not have to answer police questions or incriminate themselves. This is a fundamental right, and it is often wise to use it until you have spoken with a lawyer.
The right to a defence lawyer
You have the right to be assisted by a defence lawyer (verjandi). In more serious cases, and when you are held in custody, the court appoints a defence lawyer, whose fees are paid by the state in the first instance.
If you are later convicted, you may be ordered to repay these costs. Contact a lawyer as early as possible, ideally before you are questioned.
The right to an interpreter
If you do not speak Icelandic, you have the right to an interpreter during police questioning and in court, free of charge. Foreign nationals can also ask the police to inform their embassy or consulate.
A fair trial
Everyone has the right to a fair trial. The prosecution carries the burden of proof and must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, and you are presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Police questioning
When you are questioned, you have the right to know what you are suspected of and to have your lawyer present. Read any statement carefully before signing it, and do not sign anything you do not understand.
Why a defence lawyer matters
A good defence lawyer can have a decisive influence on the outcome. They check whether the investigation was carried out correctly, whether the evidence is admissible and which defences apply. These cases fall under criminal law.
Victims of crime also have rights in Iceland, including in many cases the right to a legal adviser (réttargæslumaður) paid by the state.
Find a defence lawyer
If you or someone close to you is suspected of a crime, find a lawyer under criminal law or browse lawyers in your region.